Wireman’s Tools Kit, Wiring Materials and Electrical Fittings
In the trade of ITI Draughtsman Civil, basic knowledge of electrical systems is important for preparing building service drawings. A wireman’s work involves installation, maintenance, and repair of electrical wiring systems. For this purpose, proper tools, materials, and fittings are required to ensure safe and efficient operation.
1. Wireman’s Tools Kit
A wireman uses a variety of hand tools to carry out electrical work. These tools are specially designed to handle electrical components safely and efficiently.
Common Tools in Wireman’s Kit
- Combination Pliers: Used for gripping, cutting, and twisting wires. It is one of the most essential tools.
- Side Cutting Pliers: Used for cutting wires and cables cleanly.
- Screwdrivers: Available in flat and Phillips types, used for tightening and loosening screws in switches, sockets, and fittings.
- Neon Tester: Used to check the presence of electric current in a circuit.
- Wire Stripper: Used to remove insulation from wires without damaging the conductor.
- Measuring Tape: Used for accurate measurement during wiring installation.
- Hammer: Used for fixing clips, nails, and other fittings.
- Chisel: Used for making grooves in walls for concealed wiring.
- Electric Drill: Used for making holes in walls and boards.
- Insulation Tape: Used to insulate joints and connections.
These tools must be properly insulated and maintained to prevent electrical shock and ensure safety during operation.
2. Wiring Materials
Wiring materials are the components used to carry electric current and support the wiring system. Proper selection of materials is necessary for durability, safety, and efficiency.
Common Wiring Materials
- Wires and Cables: Conductors made of copper or aluminium, covered with insulation such as PVC or rubber.
- Conduits: Pipes made of PVC or metal used to protect wires from damage.
- Casing and Capping: Used in surface wiring to enclose and protect wires.
- Batten: Wooden or PVC strips used in batten wiring systems.
- Cleats: Porcelain or plastic supports used in temporary wiring.
- Junction Boxes: Used to connect and distribute wires at different points.
- Switch Boxes: Boxes used to install switches and sockets.
- Lugs and Ferrules: Used for proper termination of wires.
- Earthing Materials: Includes earth wire, electrodes, and plates for safety.
All wiring materials should meet standard specifications and should be selected according to the load and type of installation.
3. Electrical Fittings
Electrical fittings are devices used to control, protect, and utilize electrical energy. These fittings are installed at different points in a building to provide convenience and safety.
Types of Electrical Fittings
- Switches: Used to turn electrical circuits ON and OFF.
- Sockets: Provide connection points for electrical appliances.
- Plug Tops: Used to connect appliances to sockets.
- Holders: Used to hold electric lamps or bulbs.
- Ceiling Roses: Used to connect ceiling wiring to light fittings.
- Distribution Boards: Used to distribute electrical power and protect circuits.
- Fuses and MCBs: Protect circuits from overload and short circuits.
- Regulators: Used to control the speed of fans.
- Bell Push and Indicators: Used in signaling systems.
Electrical fittings must be installed properly to ensure safe operation. Poor installation can lead to electrical hazards such as shocks and fire.
4. Safety Precautions
Safety is very important while working with electrical systems. The following precautions should always be followed:
- Always switch off the power supply before working.
- Use insulated tools and wear protective equipment.
- Check wires and equipment for damage before use.
- Ensure proper earthing of all electrical installations.
- Avoid working with wet hands or in damp conditions.
Conclusion
Wireman’s tools, wiring materials, and electrical fittings are essential components of any electrical installation. Proper knowledge and use of these items ensure safe, efficient, and durable electrical systems.
For ITI Draughtsman Civil students, understanding these basics helps in preparing accurate building service drawings and coordinating with electrical work in construction projects.