Draughtsman Civil

ITI Draughtsman (Civil) Trade

The ITI "Draughtsman (Civil)" trade is a two-year vocational training program under the Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS), governed by the National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT). This course equips trainees with the skills to create detailed technical drawings, plans, and layouts for civil engineering projects such as buildings, roads, bridges, and water supply systems, using both manual drafting techniques and computer-aided design (CAD) software. The syllabus combines theoretical knowledge, practical drafting skills, and employability training to prepare students for roles such as civil draughtsmen, CAD operators, or assistants to civil engineers in construction and infrastructure sectors.

Course Overview

Duration: 2 years (4 semesters, each 6 months)
NSQF Level: Level 5
Eligibility: Minimum 10th grade pass with Science and Mathematics (or equivalent)
Objective: To train skilled draughtsmen capable of preparing accurate civil engineering drawings, interpreting specifications, and assisting in the planning and execution of construction projects.

Detailed Syllabus Breakdown

1. Trade Theory (Theoretical Knowledge)

Covers the foundational concepts of civil engineering drawing and design.

Semester 1
- Introduction to Draughtsmanship
  - Role and importance of a civil draughtsman in construction projects.
  - Types of drawings: architectural, structural, working drawings.
  - Overview of civil engineering projects: buildings, roads, dams, bridges.
- Drawing Instruments and Materials
  - Use of drawing tools: T-square, set squares, compass, protractor, drafting board.
  - Drawing sheets, scales, and standard paper sizes (A0 to A4).
  - Types of lines, lettering, and dimensioning techniques.
- Basic Geometry and Construction
  - Geometric shapes: triangles, quadrilaterals, circles, polygons.
  - Construction of angles, perpendiculars, and parallel lines.
  - Scale drawing and proportion techniques.
- Building Materials
  - Properties and uses of materials: bricks, cement, concrete, steel, timber.
  - Symbols and conventions for materials in drawings.
Semester 2
- Building Construction Basics
  - Types of buildings: residential, commercial, industrial.
  - Components: foundation, walls, floors, roofs, doors, windows.
  - Masonry: brickwork, stonework, bonds, and joints.
- Orthographic Projection
  - Principles of orthographic projection: first-angle and third-angle projection.
  - Drawing plans, elevations, and sections of simple objects.
  - Sectional views and hatching techniques.
- Surveying Basics
  - Introduction to surveying: chain, compass, leveling.
  - Plotting survey data into plans and maps.
  - Contours and their representation in drawings.
Semester 3
- Structural Drawing
  - Reinforcement details: RCC beams, columns, slabs, footings.
  - Steel structures: beams, trusses, connections (bolted, welded).
  - Drawing schedules: bar bending schedules, material lists.
- Roads and Bridges
  - Types of roads: rural, urban, highways; cross-sections and alignments.
  - Bridge components: piers, abutments, superstructure.
  - Drainage systems: culverts, stormwater drains.
- Introduction to CAD
  - Basics of Computer-Aided Design (CAD): AutoCAD interface, commands.
  - 2D drafting: drawing lines, circles, polygons, editing tools.
  - Layers, blocks, and dimensioning in CAD.
Semester 4
- Advanced CAD Applications
  - 3D modeling basics: extrude, revolve, rendering.
  - Plotting and printing CAD drawings with scales.
  - Conversion of manual drawings to digital formats.
- Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering
  - Layouts for water supply: pipelines, valves, reservoirs.
  - Sanitary systems: sewer lines, manholes, septic tanks.
  - Symbols and conventions for plumbing drawings.
- Estimation and Costing
  - Basics of estimation: types (detailed, approximate), units of measurement.
  - Reading drawings for quantity takeoff (earthwork, concrete, steel).
  - Preparation of bill of quantities (BOQ).
- Emerging Trends
  - Introduction to Building Information Modeling (BIM).
  - Use of GIS (Geographic Information System) in civil drawing.

2. Trade Practical (Hands-On Skills)

Focuses on practical drafting and design skills.

Semester 1
- Manual Drafting Basics
  - Setting up drawing sheets and using instruments.
  - Drawing lines, angles, and geometric shapes with accuracy.
  - Lettering practice: freehand and with stencils.
- Simple Drawings
  - Drawing plans and elevations of small objects (e.g., blocks, tools).
  - Constructing scales and dimensioning drawings.
- Building Material Symbols
  - Representing materials like brick, concrete, and steel in drawings.
Semester 2
- Building Plans
  - Drawing plans, elevations, and sections of single-room buildings.
  - Detailing doors, windows, and simple foundations.
  - Sectional views of walls and roofs with hatching.
- Surveying Practice
  - Plotting survey measurements (chain and compass survey).
  - Drawing contour maps from given data.
Semester 3
- Structural Drawings
  - Preparing reinforcement drawings for RCC beams, slabs, and columns.
  - Drawing steel trusses and connection details.
  - Creating bar bending schedules.
- Road and Bridge Plans
  - Drawing road cross-sections and alignments.
  - Preparing bridge elevation and sectional views.
- CAD Basics
  - Creating 2D drawings in AutoCAD (e.g., building plans).
  - Using layers and blocks for efficient drafting.
Semester 4
- Advanced CAD Practice
  - Designing 3D models of simple structures (e.g., rooms, beams).
  - Plotting CAD drawings with title blocks and scales.
  - Converting hand-drawn plans to CAD format.
- Water Supply and Sanitary Drawings
  - Drawing layouts for water supply and sewerage systems.
  - Detailing plumbing fixtures and fittings.
- Project Work
  - Preparing a complete set of drawings for a small building (plan, elevation, section).
  - Estimating quantities and preparing a BOQ from drawings.

3. Workshop Calculation and Science

Provides mathematical and scientific support for drafting tasks.

Semester 1 & 2
- Basic arithmetic: fractions, decimals, percentages for measurements.
- Geometry: area, perimeter, volume of shapes (rectangles, circles, cubes).
- Trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent for angles and slopes.
Semester 3 & 4
- Mensuration: calculating areas and volumes of complex structures.
- Strength of materials: basics of stress, strain, and load calculations.
- Conversion of units: metric to imperial and vice versa.

4. Engineering Drawing

Core focus of the trade, integrated across all semesters.

Semester 1: Freehand sketching, geometric constructions, basic orthographic projections.
Semester 2: Detailed building plans, sectional views, isometric drawings.
Semester 3: Structural detailing, reinforcement drawings, road/bridge layouts.
Semester 4: Advanced CAD drawings, 3D modeling, plumbing, and sanitary layouts.

5. Employability Skills

Enhances job readiness and soft skills.

Semester 1 & 2
- Communication skills: technical report writing, interaction with engineers.
- Time management and teamwork in drafting projects.
- Basic IT skills: MS Office for documentation.
Semester 3 & 4
- Entrepreneurship: starting a drafting service or consultancy.
- Resume writing and interview preparation.
- Advanced IT skills: CAD software, internet research for standards.

Assessment and Certification

Examinations: Conducted semester-wise with theoretical and practical components.
Certification: Successful candidates receive the National Trade Certificate (NTC) from NCVT, recognized nationally and internationally.
Evaluation: Based on drafting accuracy, practical projects, written exams, and estimation tasks.

Career Opportunities

Employment: Civil draughtsman, CAD operator, site supervisor assistant, junior designer in construction firms.
Self-Employment: Freelance drafting services, consultancy for small projects.
Further Studies: Diploma in Civil Engineering via lateral entry, advanced CAD/BIM courses.

Note

This syllabus aligns with the latest NCVT guidelines and may vary slightly based on institutional or state-specific requirements.
For the most current version, refer to the Directorate General of Training (DGT) website (dgt.gov.in) or consult your local ITI.

Problems in Transit Theodolite – Departure, Latitude, Northing and Easting

In theodolite surveying, especially in traverse calculations, it is important to determine the position of points using angular and linear measurements. Terms like departure, latitude, northing, and easting are used to represent the direction and distance of survey lines. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding these concepts is essential for solving traverse problems and plotting accurately.

Read more about Problems in Transit Theodolite – Departure, Latitude, Northing and Easting

Adjustment of a Closed Traverse

In traverse surveying, a closed traverse forms a closed polygon where the survey starts and ends at the same point or at known control points. Due to errors in measurement, the traverse may not close perfectly. Therefore, adjustment is required to correct these errors. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding the adjustment of a closed traverse is essential for accurate mapping and engineering work.

Read more about Adjustment of a close traverse

Measurement of Vertical Angle by Theodolite

Measurement of vertical angles is an important operation in theodolite surveying. It is used to determine the angle of elevation or depression of an object. These measurements help in calculating heights and distances. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding the method of measuring vertical angles is essential for accurate surveying work.

Read more about Measurement of Vertical Angle by Theodolite

Measurement of Horizontal Angle by Theodolite

Measurement of horizontal angles is one of the primary functions of a theodolite. It is widely used in surveying for traversing, triangulation, and setting out works. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding the correct procedure for measuring horizontal angles is essential for accurate fieldwork and plotting.

1. Definition of Horizontal Angle

A horizontal angle is the angle between two lines measured in the horizontal plane. It is usually measured clockwise from one line to another.

Read more about Measurement of Horizontal Angle by Theodolite

Vernier Scale – Types

A vernier scale is a precision measuring device used to read small subdivisions of a main scale. It is commonly used in instruments like theodolites, vernier calipers, and sextants. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding vernier scale types is essential for accurate measurement of angles and dimensions.

1. Definition of Vernier Scale

A vernier scale is a secondary scale that slides along the main scale and helps to measure values more precisely by reading fractions of the smallest division of the main scale.

Read more about Vernier scale- types

Open and Closed Traverse and Their Application to Engineering Problems

Traverse surveying is a method in which a series of connected lines are measured in terms of their lengths and directions. These lines form a framework used for mapping and layout work. Traverses are broadly classified into open traverse and closed traverse. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding these types and their applications is essential for solving engineering problems.

Read more about Open and Closed Traverse and Their Application to Engineering Problems

Checks and Adjustment of Errors in Theodolite

Theodolite is a precision instrument used for accurate measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. To ensure reliable results, it is important to check the instrument regularly and adjust any errors. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding checks and adjustment of errors is essential for maintaining accuracy in surveying work.

Read more about Checks and Adjustment of Errors in Theodolite

Adjustment of Theodolite

Theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. For accurate results, it is necessary to properly adjust the instrument before taking observations. Adjustments of a theodolite are classified into temporary adjustments and permanent adjustments. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, understanding these adjustments is essential for correct surveying work.

Read more about Adjustment of Theodolite

Fundamental Lines of Theodolite

In theodolite surveying, certain imaginary lines and axes are very important for the correct functioning of the instrument. These are known as the fundamental lines of a theodolite. Proper understanding of these lines is essential in ITI Draughtsman Civil to ensure accurate measurement of angles.

1. Definition

Fundamental lines of a theodolite are the imaginary reference lines and axes that define the orientation and working of the instrument.

Read more about Fundamental Lines of Theodolite

Terms Used in Transit Theodolite

In theodolite surveying, several technical terms are used to describe the parts, movements, and operations of the instrument. Understanding these terms is essential for accurate use of a transit theodolite. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, these terms form the foundation for practical surveying work.

Read more about Terms of transit theodolite

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