Stone Masonry, Composite Masonry and Brick Masonry
Masonry is an important aspect of building construction that involves the use of units such as stones or bricks bonded together with mortar. In the ITI Draughtsman Civil trade, understanding masonry is essential for preparing accurate drawings and ensuring proper construction practices. This chapter covers stone masonry, composite masonry, strength of walls, and brick masonry principles.
Stone Masonry
Stone masonry is the construction of structures using natural stones bonded with mortar. It is one of the oldest and most durable methods of construction.
Terms Used in Stone Masonry
- Bed: The lower surface of a stone.
- Face: The exposed surface of a stone.
- Joint: The space between two stones filled with mortar.
- Backing: The interior portion of a wall.
- Hearting: Filling material between face stones.
Uses of Stone Masonry
- Foundations and retaining walls
- Bridge piers and abutments
- Decorative and monumental structures
Classification of Stone Masonry
- Rubble Masonry: Uses irregular stones with rough surfaces.
- Ashlar Masonry: Uses finely dressed stones with uniform shape.
Principle of Construction in Stone Masonry
Proper construction techniques are essential for achieving strength and durability in stone masonry:
- Use stones of suitable size and shape
- Provide proper bonding between stones
- Ensure joints are filled with mortar
- Maintain horizontal layers
- Avoid vertical continuous joints
Composite Masonry
Composite masonry involves the use of two or more different materials, such as stone and brick, in the same structure. It is used to improve strength and reduce construction cost.
- Combines advantages of different materials
- Improves load distribution
- Economical construction method
Strength of Walls
The strength of walls depends on several factors:
- Quality of materials used
- Thickness of the wall
- Type of bonding
- Workmanship and alignment
- Proper curing
Strong walls ensure safety and stability of the building.
Strength of Masonry
Masonry strength depends on the combined strength of units (stone or brick) and mortar. Proper bonding and uniform joints increase overall strength.
- Use of quality mortar
- Proper joint thickness
- Uniform distribution of loads
Brick Masonry
Brick masonry is one of the most commonly used construction methods. It involves laying bricks in a systematic pattern using mortar.
Principles of Brick Masonry
- Use well-burnt and uniform bricks
- Maintain proper bonding
- Ensure horizontal and vertical alignment
- Keep mortar joints uniform
- Provide proper curing
Types of Bonds
- Stretcher Bond: Bricks laid lengthwise
- Header Bond: Bricks laid widthwise
- English Bond: Alternate courses of headers and stretchers
- Flemish Bond: Alternate headers and stretchers in the same course
Proper bonding ensures strength and load distribution in masonry.
Tools and Equipment Used
- Trowel: For applying mortar
- Spirit Level: For checking level
- Plumb Bob: For vertical alignment
- Measuring Tape: For measurement
- Line and Pins: For maintaining straight lines
Proper use of tools ensures accuracy and quality in construction work.
Importance in Draughtsman Civil Trade
Knowledge of masonry helps draughtsmen in preparing detailed drawings and understanding construction methods. It also helps in selecting appropriate materials and ensuring structural stability.
Conclusion
Stone masonry, composite masonry, and brick masonry are fundamental aspects of building construction. Understanding their principles, classifications, and construction methods is essential for ensuring strong and durable structures.
For students of the ITI Draughtsman Civil trade, mastering these concepts is crucial for professional development and successful execution of construction projects.