Plastics: Characteristics, Types and Uses
Plastics are synthetic materials widely used in modern construction due to their lightweight, durability, and resistance to corrosion. They are produced from organic polymers and can be molded into various shapes and sizes. In the ITI Draughtsman Civil trade, knowledge of plastics is essential for selecting suitable materials and preparing construction drawings involving modern building components.
Plastics have replaced many traditional materials like wood and metal in several applications because of their versatility and cost-effectiveness.
Characteristics of Plastics
Plastics possess several important properties that make them suitable for construction and engineering works:
- Lightweight: Easy to handle and transport.
- Corrosion Resistance: Do not rust or decay.
- Waterproof: Resistant to moisture and water.
- Durability: Long-lasting with low maintenance.
- Electrical Insulation: Poor conductor of electricity, suitable for insulation.
- Easy to Mold: Can be shaped into different forms.
These characteristics make plastics highly useful in modern construction practices.
Types of Plastics
Plastics are mainly classified into two categories based on their behavior when heated:
1. Thermoplastics
Thermoplastics soften when heated and can be reshaped multiple times without losing their properties.
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Used in pipes and fittings.
- Polyethylene: Used in water tanks and containers.
- Polystyrene: Used for insulation and packaging.
Properties:
- Reusable and recyclable
- Flexible and easy to process
2. Thermosetting Plastics
Thermosetting plastics become hard when heated and cannot be reshaped after setting.
- Bakelite: Used in electrical fittings
- Melamine: Used in decorative laminates
Properties:
- Heat resistant
- Strong and rigid
Uses of Plastics
Plastics are widely used in construction and engineering works:
- Pipes and Fittings: PVC pipes are commonly used in water supply and drainage systems.
- Doors and Windows: UPVC frames are used as alternatives to wood.
- Insulation: Used in electrical and thermal insulation.
- Flooring and Panels: Used for decorative and protective surfaces.
- Water Tanks: Plastic tanks are lightweight and corrosion-resistant.
Advantages of Plastics
- Lightweight and easy to install
- Resistant to corrosion and chemicals
- Low maintenance cost
- Available in various shapes and sizes
Limitations of Plastics
- Low strength compared to metals
- Sensitive to high temperatures
- Environmental concerns due to non-biodegradability
Applications in Construction
Plastics are extensively used in modern construction due to their versatility:
- Plumbing systems
- Electrical fittings
- Interior decoration
- Waterproofing materials
Importance in Draughtsman Civil Trade
Knowledge of plastics helps draughtsmen in selecting appropriate materials for modern construction. It also helps in preparing accurate drawings and specifications involving plastic components.
Understanding plastic materials ensures better design, cost efficiency, and durability in construction projects.
Conclusion
Plastics are important materials in modern construction due to their lightweight, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Understanding their characteristics, types, and uses is essential for students of the ITI Draughtsman Civil trade.
By using plastics effectively, engineers and draughtsmen can create efficient, cost-effective, and durable structures. This knowledge is essential for adapting to modern construction techniques and materials.