Roof & Roof Coverings – Objectives, Types and Uses
Roofs and roof coverings are essential parts of any building structure. They provide protection, safety, and comfort to occupants. In ITI Draughtsman Civil, the study of roofs and coverings includes understanding their objectives, different types, and practical uses in construction.
1. Objectives of Roof and Roof Coverings
The main objectives of providing a roof and its covering are to ensure protection and durability of the building.
- Protect the building from rain, sun, wind, and dust.
- Provide thermal insulation against heat and cold.
- Ensure proper drainage of rainwater.
- Increase the durability and life of the structure.
- Enhance the appearance of the building.
- Provide comfort and safety to occupants.
2. Types of Roofs
Roofs are classified based on their shape and construction. The main types are:
(a) Flat Roof
- Nearly horizontal surface with slight slope.
- Constructed using RCC or reinforced brick.
- Used in residential and commercial buildings.
- Provides usable terrace space.
(b) Pitched Roof
- Sloping roof provided at an angle.
- Suitable for areas with heavy rainfall.
- Constructed using timber or steel trusses.
(c) Curved Roof
- Curved shape for aesthetic and functional purposes.
- Used in auditoriums and special structures.
3. Types of Roof Coverings
Roof coverings are the outer protective layers placed over the roof structure.
(a) Thatch Covering
- Made from straw, grass, or leaves.
- Used in rural areas.
- Low cost but less durable.
(b) Tile Covering
- Made from clay or concrete tiles.
- Provides good insulation and attractive appearance.
(c) Slate Covering
- Natural stone covering.
- Durable and fire-resistant.
(d) Metal Sheet Covering
- Includes GI and aluminium sheets.
- Lightweight and suitable for industrial buildings.
(e) Asbestos Cement Sheets
- Economical and weather-resistant.
(f) RCC Roof
- Concrete slab used as roof and covering.
- Strong and durable.
4. Uses of Roofs and Roof Coverings
- Provide shelter and protection to occupants.
- Used as terrace for domestic purposes.
- Support installations like water tanks and solar panels.
- Used in industrial sheds and warehouses.
- Enhance architectural beauty of buildings.
5. Factors for Selection
- Climatic conditions.
- Type of building.
- Cost and availability of materials.
- Maintenance requirements.
- Durability and strength.
Role of Draughtsman Civil
A Draughtsman Civil prepares roof layout drawings, sections, and details of coverings. Proper understanding of objectives, types, and uses helps in designing efficient and durable roof systems.
Conclusion
Roofs and roof coverings are essential elements that protect buildings and enhance their functionality. Different types of roofs and materials are selected based on needs and conditions.
For ITI Draughtsman Civil students, knowledge of roof objectives, types, and uses is important for creating safe and efficient building designs.